LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING PUBLIC SECURITY IN A LEGAL STATE: BALANCE AND MODERN APPROACHES

Abstract

Developing mechanisms for ensuring public safety in a legal state remains one of the pressing problems of modern global security. The purpose of this study is to regulate public safety and establish a balance between the powers of state institutions and democratic principles. The relationship between governance and the rule of law in the process of ensuring security is a key task that is addressed differently at the international and national levels. The research is devoted to the formation of a legal model for ensuring public safety in a rule-of-law state. Public safety is viewed as a factor of stability and social development, while the harmony between legal norms and the effectiveness of state governance is crucial. The theoretical approaches of leading scientists in the field of public safety (Hans Kelzen, John Locke, Charles de Montesquieu, Carl Schmidt, Max Weber, Ronald Dvorkin, and Joseph Raze) were analyzed, and their practical significance was assessed. Legal, political, and institutional aspects of ensuring security were studied, and strategies based on international experience were proposed. Special attention was paid to the powers of state authorities in emergency situations and their limitations in the context of the modern concept of public safety. The evolution of the regulatory framework and recommendations of international organizations (UN, OSCE, Interpol) that made it possible to determine their role in ensuring security was also considered. Comparative legal analysis revealed the peculiarities of the security policy and legal regimes of different countries, as well as the criteria for effectiveness were developed. The results demonstrate the importance of democratic control, parliamentary and judicial oversight, and the application of modern technologies in the sustainable development of security policy. Measures to improve Uzbekistan’s public safety system were proposed: developing a public safety code, establishing clear legal criteria for regulating emergencies, strengthening international cooperation, and expanding civil society participation. The results provide a scientific and practical basis for eliminating shortcomings and improving legal mechanisms in this area.